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RB1 deficiency leads to retinoblastoma (Rb), the most prevalent intraocular malignancy. Tumor‐associated macrophages (TAMs) are related to local inflammation disorder, particularly by increasing cytokines and immune escape. Microglia, the unique resident macrophages for retinal homeostasis, are the most important immune cells of Rb. However, whether RB1 deficiency affects microglial function remain...
The glymphatic system transports cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) into the brain via arterial perivascular spaces and removes interstitial fluid from the brain along perivenous spaces and white matter tracts. This directional fluid flow supports the clearance of metabolic wastes produced by the brain. Glymphatic fluid transport is facilitated by aquaporin‐4 (AQP4) water channels, which are enriched in the...
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is characterized by progressive motor neuron (MN) degeneration. Various studies using cellular and animal models of ALS indicate that there is a complex interplay between MN and neighboring non‐neuronal cells, such as astrocytes, resulting in noncell autonomous neurodegeneration. Astrocytes in ALS exhibit a lower ability to support MN survival than nondisease‐associated...
In the adult brain, activity‐dependent myelin plasticity is required for proper learning and memory consolidation. Myelin loss, alteration, or even subtle structural modifications can therefore compromise the network activity, leading to functional impairment. In multiple sclerosis, spontaneous myelin repair process is possible, but it is heterogeneous among patients, sometimes leading to functional...
Cerebral ischemia is a devastating condition that results in impaired blood flow in the brain leading to acute brain injury. As the most common form of stroke, occlusion of cerebral arteries leads to a characteristic sequence of pathophysiological changes in the brain tissue. The mechanisms involved, and comorbidities that determine outcome after an ischemic event appear to be highly heterogeneous...
Cover Illustration: Dual chromogenic immunostaining showing the presence of PACSIN1 (purple) and the Schwann cell biomarker, Myelin Protein Zero (P0; green) in paraffin‐embedded uninjured mouse DRG. PACSIN1 is specifically and robustly expressed in primary sensory neurons in the DRG but absent in peripheral glia. (See Martellucci S., et al, https://doi.org/10.1002/glia.24510)
Schwann cells (SCs) undergo phenotypic transformation and then orchestrate nerve repair following PNS injury. The ligands and receptors that activate and sustain SC transformation remain incompletely understood. Proteins released by injured axons represent important candidates for activating the SC Repair Program. The low‐density lipoprotein receptor‐related protein‐1 (LRP1) is acutely up‐regulated...
It is well established that axonal Neuregulin 1 type 3 (NRG1t3) regulates developmental myelin formation as well as EGR2‐dependent gene activation and lipid synthesis. However, in peripheral neuropathy disease context, elevated axonal NRG1t3 improves remyelination and myelin sheath thickness without increasing Egr2 expression or activity, and without affecting the transcriptional activity of canonical...
Tumor‐associated astrocytes (TAAs) in the glioblastoma microenvironment play an important role in tumor development and malignant progression initiated by glioma stem cells (GSCs). In the current study, normal human astrocytes (NHAs) were cultured and continuously treated with GSC‐derived exosomes (GSC‐EXOs) induction to explore the mechanism by which GSCs affect astrocyte remodeling. This study revealed...
Alzheimer's disease (AD) represents an urgent yet unmet challenge for modern society, calling for exploration of innovative targets and therapeutic approaches. Astrocytes, main homeostatic cells in the CNS, represent promising cell‐target. Our aim was to investigate if deletion of the regulatory CaNB1 subunit of calcineurin in astrocytes could mitigate AD‐related memory deficits, neuropathology, and...
In the adult brain, the water channel aquaporin‐4 (AQP4) is expressed in astrocyte endfoot, in supramolecular assemblies, called “Orthogonal Arrays of Particles” (OAPs) together with the transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4), finely regulating the cell volume. The present study aimed at investigating the contribution of AQP4 and TRPV4 to CNS early postnatal development using WT and AQP4...
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